Improved machine for making- horseshoe-nails



UNITED ySTATES.

PATENT OFFICE.

E. L. 'BRUNDAGR OF MIDDLETOW'N, NEW YORK.

IMPROVED MACHINE FOR MAKING HORSESHOE-NAILS.

Specification forming -part 0f Letters .Patent No. 94,391, dated August 31, 1869.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EDWIN L. BRUNDAGE, of' the village ot Middletown, Orange county, State of New York, have invented new and useful Improvements in a Machine for Forging Horseshoe-Nails.

My invention consists ot' im proveniente` upon a machine for which Letters Patent were granted to Daniel Dodge, June 22, 1852, the nails being forged and formed and the. blank being carriedneai ly in the same manner as described in said Dod ges specification.

My improvements consist in the adoption and use ot' a steam-hammer, together with devices for imparting motions, and with parts such as make a complete workin g machine.

The prominent feature in this character of machine is that it insures perfect work by an active elastic blow, as is obtained by a directacting steam-hammer.

And I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the construction and operation of the machine, reference being had to the annexed drawings, making a part oi" this specification, like letters of reference being made to like parts in the several figures.

Figure lis a front elevation of the machine; Fig.2, avertical cross-section through the center of the machine in the line wx, as shown in Fig. 4; Fig. 3, rear elevation of the machine; Fig. 4, horizontal top view in section through the line o o, as shown in Figs. 1 and 3; Fig. 5, top view of the steam-chest; Fig. 6, horizontal section of the machine through the line y y, as shown in Fig. 3; Fig 7, hammer-die in section, to which is attached point-cutter, Fig. 10; Fig. 8, section of anvi1die, in which point-cutter y is inserted, as shown at Fig. 9; Fig. 9, top view of anvil-die, in which point-cutter y is inserted; Fig. 10, perspective view of that portion of the point-cutter which is attached to the hammer, as shown at Fig. 7 Fig. l1, longitudinal section of pinion and griper, in which is shown the griper k lc, the griper-spring p p, the follower q, the opener Y, the pinion t, the ring o, the griper-jaws s s, and the pin W; Fig. 12, in'side view ot' one-halt' the griper; Fig. 17, end view of one-halt' the griper; Fig. 14, end view ot' the pinion and griperopener.

A, main base-block ot' the machine; B B, columns standing upon the base-block and supporting the frame and anvil; G, plate on which the anvil is placed D, heavy block of metal, called the anvil, circular in form. with a recess or chamber in which dies t t t and u are placed, by which, together with dies placed in the hammer, an exact reverse, the blanks are forged, drawn out, and made into the finished nails; E, frame ofthe machine; F, griper-carriage, which carries the pinions and gripers; G, cylinder or steam hammer; H, steam-chest, set in a recess in the upper end ot the frame, in which b b are the steam-ports and cis the exhaust-port; I, steam-valve, by which the steam is let into the steam-hammer J, piston-rod, which is stationary, being firmly fastened to the steam-chest K, piston L, valverod, secured at one end to the valve, and at the other to the valve-lever; M, valve-lever, by which the valve is moved to admit steam to thecylinder; N, upper wedge cam or valveshifter; O, lower wedge cam or valve-shifter.

The above cams N and 0 are secured to a plate or arm, 1), projecting from the hammer by the boltsjj, and as the hammer is moved' up or down it communicates an oscillating motion to the lever M, thereby giving the proper motion to the valve. The cams are adjustable; N is moved up or down as required to cut oit' the steam in the downward stroke of the hammer at the exact point desired to admit steam above the piston to raise the hammer and break the force of its descent and govern the blow to the required force to forge the nails when each of the gripers carries a blank. 0 is raised or lowered to admit steam below the piston, and as the hammer raises it exactly governs and breaks the upward stroke of the hammer and forces it down.

P, wed ge-cam or valve shif ter plate, to which the valveshifters are secured by bolts j. i., Q, cam-slot, made in the hammer, in which a roller projecting from the lever 1t works, which lever and the driving-pawl p communicate rotary mot-ion to the griper carriage; lt, gripercarriage driving-lever; S, arm or brace, permanently secured to and forming a part of the frame ofthe machine, to which the lever R is attached at the fulcrum z T, stationarycutter stock, which holds the stationary cutter a';Y

U, moving-cutter stock 5 Ait holds the cutter c', which moves with the stoek,and,working in connection with the cutter a', the edges form a cutter similar to a shears, and cnt the nailblank from the rod 5 V, rock-shat`t, to which the moving-cutter stock is secured 5 XV, stop, permanentlyl lixed or driven in the anvil, and. in connection with stop X limits the hammer as to its length of stroke; X, hammer-stop, permanently lixed or driven in the hammer, and, working against the anvil-stop YV, limits the hammer in length of stroke, as above 5 Y, griper-opener, inserted in the outer end ot' the griper-pinion, and bears against the ends ot' the griper-blades shown at Fig. l1, and when forced into the pinion, as it comes in contact with the stationary cam Z, opens the griper for the discharge ot' the nished nail, and the griper remains open until it receives another uail-blank 5 Z, stationary cam, which forces the griper-opener into the griper-pinion, and as the carriage revolves the opener comes in contact with the cani., the griper is opened as above for the discharge ot' the iinished nail and the reception ot' another nailblank; a, steam-pipe, through which steam is conveyed from the steamboiler to the steamchest of the machine; b b, steam-ports, for admitting steam to the cylinder or steam-hammer5 c, d, steam-passages constructed in the piston-rod J, to convey the steam from the steam-ports to the cylinder.. The passagec discharges in the cylinder below the piston, thereby forcing the hammer or cylinder down. The passage d discharges in the cylinder above the piston, which raises the cylinder or steamhammer, as will be seen byreference to Fig.

2 5 e, exhaust-steam port, Fig. 55 f, exhaustpipe; g, valve-leverItulcrum, at which point the valve-lever M is secured 5 h h, lugs projectin g from the upper part of the frame, and to which the valve-lever is secured by the stud i 5 i, valve-lever stud 5 j j, valve-shifter bolts and nuts, by which the valve-Shifters or wedge cams N and O are secured and adjusted in order to regulate the length ot' stroke and strength of blow of the 'steam-ha1nmer5 7c k, griper, for receiving the nail-blank and holding .it while being forged 5 l l, pinions, in which are incased the gripers, having teeth which work into the teeth in the stationary rack m,

andas the pinions are carried forward by the rotary motion ot' the griper carriage F, in which they are secured, a revolving motion is communicated to them which is equal to oneq-uarter of a revolution to each upward stroke of thel hammer 5A m, stationary rack, in which tlleteeth of the griper-pinious work in order to givethe gripers a revolving motion; n, friction-roller, which, upon the stud o, projects from the upper end of thelever R, and works in the camslot Q, thereby giving motion to the lever as the hammer is raised or lowered 5 o, frictionstud in the upper end ot' the lever lR, on which the friction-roller n works 5 p, driving-pawl, (shown at Fig. 3 and in dotted lines in Fig.

4,) which is attached to the lower end ot the lever R by a balland-socket joint. The adva'nced end ot' the pawl is so constructed that it tits against the carriage-teeth q q, and as the steam-hammer is forced upward motion is communicated to the driving-pawl by means ofthe slot -Q and thelever R, and as the pawl is moved forward, the end being held against the teeth q bythe spring s, the carriage is propelled ahead equal to one tooth and one space between the teeth at each upward motion ofthe steam-hammer G5 q q, carriageteeth, against which the drivingpawl works and gives the griper carriage rotary motion 5 r, pawl-bail, which tits in the socket at the lower end ot' the lever R, and forms a ball-and-socket joint; s, spring for holding the driving-pawl up to the teeth of the griper-carriage5 t, stop-pawl, for preventing the griper carriage traveling farther than the exact required distance, in order'that the blanks being forged will receive the blor from the hammer while standing in the proper position; u, stop-pawl spring, for

pressing the pawl to the carriage and holding itin its place between the carriage-teeth 5 v,

stop-pawl arm, which, being operated upon by the lever R when the hammer descends, forces the pawl away from the carriageteeth and al lows the carriage to go ahead one motion; w, backlashpawl, for holding the carriage from any backlash motion or recoil as the carriage4 is brought with force against the stop-pawl t, and, operating in a contrary direction from it, holds the carriage firmly in the exact position for the blanks being forged to receive the blow from the hammer; z, lever-fulcrum, at which point the lever R is secured to and works upon the brace S5 a', stationary cutter,.which, working in connection with the moving cutter c', cuts the blank from the nail-rod5 b, bolt, by which the stationary-cutter stock T is secured to the frame ot' the machine; c moving cutter, which works in connection with the stationary cutter 1t/,and cuts the blank from the nail-rod 5 d d d', moving-cutter cams, on lwhich arm e ot' the rock-shaftV works and gives motion to the moving cutter at every second upward stroke of the hammer; c, arm ot' rock-shaft, which works upon the cams d d d', and gives motion t0 the moving cutter; f', moving-cutter spring, which, as it isforced back by the arm c and the camsd d d', power is gathered upon the spring, and, as the arm slips from the abrupt end of the cams, gives motion to the moving cutter with suiiieient force to cut the blank from the nail-rod; g', arm, to which the movingcutter spring is secured5 h', feeder, through which the nail-rods are fed into the machine 5 i', gage, against which the nail-rod is fed when fedinto `the machine, and which regulates the length of blank 5 j', groove in feeder,

through .which the nail-rod passes whenfed into the machine; 7e', punch, fastenedtirmly to the hammer, which, after the nail-blank is cut from the rod, punches or forces it into the grip'ers as they stand open and ready `toreceive it; l, bevel head, as formed by the die m', placed in the feeder, and the header n', which is secured to the hammer; m', headerdie, placed in the feeder, in line with and under the nail-rod, as it passes through the groove j', and against the gage if, and forms one edge of the bevel shape to the nail-head a', header, hung to and carried with the hammer, and as the hammer descends,the header strikes the nail-rod on the upper edge, forces it against the diem', and produces theindentation on both edges of the nail-rod and forms thebeveled head; o', header-pin, which holds the header to the hammer; p', bevel of moving cutter, by means of which direction is given to the header u'. As it descends it forces the header sidewise, in order that it may strike the nail-rod exactly over the die m', and by this process is formed the nick q', Fig. 16; q', nick in nail-rod, made by the header n and the die m', as described; i", nail-blank cut from the nail-rod, from which the nail is made; s', header-spring, for the purpose of keeping the header in a position so that it passes to one side of the nail-rod at every alternate blow ofthe hammer t t t', drawing-dies, over and between which the blank passes as it is being forged and drawn out; a', iinishing-dies, over and between which the blank passes after it has passed the drawing-dies, and by which it is made into the finished nail; o', die-bolts, by which the dies are secured in the au vil w', die-bolts, by which the dies are secured to the hammer; x', cylinder-head; y', anvil point-cutter, inserted iu anvil-die z', Fig. 8; z', anvil-die,iu which pointcutter y is inserted; a, hammer pointcutter die, to which point-cutter b. is secured or hung by the pin 0; b, hammer point-cutter, hung to point-cutter die a by the pin 0"; c/,pin, by which point-cutter is hung to point-cutter hammer-die; c, point-cutter guide, by which the edge h is guided to the edge of the anvil point-cutter y', which guide e comes in contact with the bevel ofthe anvil-dief, in order that the edges ofthe hammer-cutter e and the anvil-cutter y are ga ged and brought together similar to a shears, and cut the ends of the unfinished :nails after they have passed the drawing-dies t t t', before they come to the nishiug-die u', and has the effect to make all the nails precisely the same length when 1inished f", bevel on point-cutter die, against which the hammer-cutter guide Works, in order to bring the anvil and hammer-cutters together in the exact required position; g, hammer they are constructed separately, one side from the other, and held in their places by set-bolts l Z, with wedge-form heads k k" and setbolts a a, and are so constructed that the hammer may be adjusted as it wears out of line by the strain of the several motions given by, it to the other parts of the machine; k k, wedges, which press against and hold the guides in their places; l l, Wedges or bolts with wedge-form heads, for the purpose of holding the guides or ways in their places in the frame; mfm", nuts on ends of wedge-bolts; n a, set-bolts, for setting the guides, by which operation, in connection with the wedgeswk, the hammer is adjusted and brought into proper line whenever it becomes necessary;

o, griper-ring, which ring, when the two blades of the griper are put together, is slipped over the ends and holds them together; p", griper-spring, pressing upon the inside of the griper-blades with sufficient power, sorthat the gripers hold the nail-blank while being forged; q, follower, which is pressed upon by the spring u, and keeps the griper in its place in the pinion l; 1" r", projections on griperopeners, which span the ends of the griper-blades and prevent the gripers from turning in the pinions; Ms, griper-jawsinserted in the ends of the griper-blade; they are adjustable, and when one pair is worn out another pair is inserted, and by their use the gripers are repaired and kept in order; i, pin for holding jaws s s in their places7 and also acts as a fulcruin for the gripers, in order that they may open and shut; a, outside griper-spring, the point of which bears upon the outer end of the follower q, and holds the griper in its proper place in the pinion, and allow-s it to recede equal to the elongation` of the blank in receiving the blow. y

Having given the names and described all the parts of my machine or invention and the purposes for which they are used, I now prooecd to describe the operation of the machine and the process by which the horseshoe-nails are made, which is as follows:

The steam is let into the steam-chest byan ordinary throttle-valve through the pipe a from there into the cylinder or hammer Gr. At the time the hammer is performing its upward stroke or motion the nail-rod; being heated to a bright red heat, is fed into the machine through the groove h; the end of the rod is forced against the gage i', and stops. At this precise time the moving cutter c strikes and forces it against the stationary cutter a',

by which the blank r is out from the end of i the rod. It is forced forward over the groove j and at the next downward motion of the hammer the blank is forced by the punch k downward through the feeder to the point where the griper 7c stands ready open to receive it. The blank is received between the griper -jaws s s, and the next upward motion of the hammer gives horizontal and rotary motion to the griper-carriage F by means of the slot Q, the

' lever R, and the driving-pawl p, and as the is forced back by the spring p, the griperjaws close upon and hold the blank also by the force of the spring p, and by this upward motion of the hammer the carriage is moved ahead onethirtysixth partof arevolution. The

griper-pinions traveling with it make onequarter of a revolution in the sametirne, and while the hammer makes its downward stroke the carriage and gripers are at rest, the nailblank is in the proper position, and receives the'blow from the hammer; then, as the hammer makes it third upward stroke, the nail-rod is again fed into the machine and another blank is cut ofi', received by the griper, and progresses the same as the first, and so on, until all the gripers have received a blank. The gripers are carried forward with the carriage, and'at every upward motion ofthe hammer all the griper-pinions make one-quarter of a revolution and stop until the hammer descends and gives the blow on all the blanks or nails. The blanks, in their various stages of being forged and madeinto finished nails, pass over and between the hammer and anvil dies t z/ t', and as there is an unevenness in the length as they are drawn out by the drawingdies, they come around to the point-cutter dies a and z', the points are cut ofi, so that they are all made precisely the same length, and after leaving the point-cutter dies they pass to the finishing-diem and are finished, the grip-l er-openerYcomes in contact with the stationary opener Z, by which the gripers are opened and the nished nails are discharged; the griper again passes to the proper place and receives another blank.

Having thus described my invention, I do not claim the arrangement of dies for forging the nails, nor do I. claim revolving and `'prov gressive gripers; but, what I do claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-` 1. The arrangement of the moving cylinder G, steam-chest H, steam-ports b I), exhaustport e, .steam-passages c and d through the stationary piston rod J, and valve I, the whole being constructed and operating as described. .2. The combination of the steam-hammer G with the anvil D, the graduated dies, the pointcntters, and the yrevolving and progressive gripers, to manufacture horseshoe-nails, the` whole constructed and operating'in the manner and for the purpose substantially the same as described.

3. The arrangement ot' the cams N and O, lever M, and valve-rodL, all constructed and operatingtogether as and for the purpose substantially the same 'as described.

4. The arrangement of the cam-slot Q in tle i hammer, the lever It, and pawls p and t, all operating to give lmotion and stopte the carriage F, as and for the purpose described.

5. The combination ot' the series of' cams d d d', cutter-holder u, rock-shaft fu, and the adtinstable-spring f all constructed and operating as and for the purpose substantially the same as described. y v

` 6. The arrangement of the hammer pointcutter b, spring g, guide e, and anvil-cutter y', the same being constructed and operating in the manner and for the purpose substantially the same as described.

7. The combination of the griper 7c k, fulerum-pn t, ring o', spring p, and opener Y, constructed, arranged, and operating in the manner and vfor the purpose set forth.

8. The arangement ot' spring w, follower q, the spring p, or an equivalent bearing, and the gripers kk, as and for the purpose set forth.

9. The combination of the stationary cam-Z, opener Y, pinion-socket l, and spring-gripers k 7s', with the griper-carriage F, and rack m, in the manner and for the purpose described.

10. The combination ot' the dies m a and cnt-ters a. c', all arranged and operating to nick the rod and sever Vthe blank in the manner and for the purpose snbstantiall y the same as described.

n. L. BRUNDAGE.

Witnesses:

' H. G. BRUNDAGE, HUGH DUFFEY. 

